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The Five Aggregates and Consciousness
As humans, we are a collection of constantly transforming aggregates: form, sensation, perception, and mental formations. These are always present.
The fifth aggregate, consciousness, arises only when there is a "knowing" of the presence of the other aggregates. When such "knowing" is present, the experience is said to be consciously experienced. When there is no "knowing," the experience is said to be unconsciously experienced.
The fifth aggregate, consciousness, arises only when there is a "knowing" of the presence of the other aggregates. When such "knowing" is present, the experience is said to be consciously experienced. When there is no "knowing," the experience is said to be unconsciously experienced.
Example of the Process
- Form (rūpa): The body and its senses are present. For instance, when the ear perceives a stimulus.
- Sensation (vedanā): Based on the stimulus called sound, a feeling tone arises—pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral.
- Perception (saññā): The mind recognizes the stimulus—for example, identifying it as a vehicle, music, or a bird.
- Mental formations (saṅkhāra): Thoughts and emotions arise, such as "This is unpleasant," "I like that sound," "It sounds bad," "It sounds beautiful," or "I don’t like how it sounds."
- Consciousness (viññāṇa): When there is attention and concentration, consciousness arises, illuminating this entire conditioned process. As a result, we experience it is said that we experience it consciously.
Consciousness as a Conditioned Process
The aggregate of consciousness is also conditioned because it arises depending on factors such as attention and concentration, whether in daily life or during meditation. Additionally, it depends on mental disposition and the proper functioning of the senses in the body. Therefore, identifying with consciousness and saying, "I am consciousness," is a cause of suffering. This is because consciousness arises and ceases based on specific causes and conditions. At times, you are conscious of this process and can "control" it, but at other times, you are not conscious of it and cannot control it. As a result, you may harm yourself or others, leading to suffering because you have clung to the idea that you are this conditioned and impermanent process.
Consciousness of Consciousness
Since consciousness is a conditioned process, we can also become aware of the arising of consciousness itself. However, this "consciousness of consciousness" is also conditioned. For example, it may arise from a thought like, "I am going to pay attention to my consciousness," and it may cease when the body falls asleep or when you become distracted. Therefore, identifying with being the "consciousness of consciousness" is also a cause of suffering.